Protein Expression · Bilingual Reading Version
pET28a 蛋白表达与检测实验协议
1. 诱导表达(Induction)
过夜培养:Make overnight culture of desired strain in LB + Kan and Chlor. 5 mL culture, 3 replicates.
在含有 Kan 和 Chlor 的 LB 中制备目标菌株过夜培养物。5 mL 体系,3 个重复。
接种:Inoculate 20 mL LB-Kan + chloramphenicol with 200 µL overnight culture (per sample).
每份样品取 200 µL 过夜培养物接种到 20 mL LB(Kan + Chlor)中。
生长:Incubate at 37°C until OD600 reaches 0.6–0.8 (0.4 is also acceptable for toxic proteins). Approx. 3 h.
37°C 培养至 OD600 达 0.6–0.8(毒性蛋白 0.4 也可)。约 3 小时。
诱导:Induce 3 cultures with 2 µL of 1 M IPTG stock (0.1 mM final concentration).
向 3 个培养物中各加入 2 µL 1 M IPTG 储备液,终浓度约 0.1 mM。
诱导表达:Incubate at different temperatures; one condition recorded is overnight at 16°C.
在不同温度下继续诱导;现有记录中明确包含 16°C 过夜这一条件。
2. 细胞破碎与组分分离(Fractionation)
收获:Spin down 10 min at 4000 rpm, 4°C. Remove supernatant.
4°C,4000 rpm 离心 10 分钟,弃去上清。
重悬:Resuspend pellet in 600 µL lysis buffer. (Store at -80°C if needed.)
用 600 µL 裂解液重悬沉淀;必要时可暂存于 -80°C。
冻融(备注):3× freeze-thaw cycle — canceled in the note because the enzyme/protein was considered too sensitive.
原记录写有 3 次冻融,但同时注明酶/蛋白太敏感,因此该步取消。
超声:Sonication 3×5 sec at 40% amplitude, with 5 sec intervals, on ice.
冰上超声 3 次,每次 5 秒,振幅 40%,间隔 5 秒。
转移:Transfer to an EP tube.
转移至 EP 管。
离心分离:Spin 10 min at 17000 g, 4°C; keep the supernatant (SN).
4°C,17000 g 离心 10 分钟;保留上清液(SN)。
3. 裂解液配方(Lysis Buffer - 20 mL)
| 试剂 | 储备浓度 | 工作浓度 | 20 mL 用量 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tris-HCl (pH 8) | 1000 mM | 100 mM | 2.00 mL |
| PMSF | 200 mM | 0.1 mM | 0.01 mL |
| Water | - | - | 17.99 mL |
| NaCl | MW: 58.44 | 150 mM | 0.18 g |
| Lysozyme | 1 mg/mL | - | 0.02 g |
4. SDS-PAGE 凝胶电泳(Step-by-Step)
样品稀释:30 µL total = 15 µL sample + 15 µL demi water.
30 µL 体系中包含 15 µL 样品和 15 µL 去离子水。
加缓冲液:Add 10 µL 4× sample buffer and mix by pipetting up and down.
加入 10 µL 4× 上样缓冲液,通过移液枪吹打混匀。
涡旋:Vortex very briefly.
非常短暂地涡旋震荡。
变性:5 min at 95°C, lightly shaking (450 rpm).
95°C 加热 5 分钟,期间保持轻微震荡(450 rpm)。
关键离心:Centrifuge 1 min at 3000 g.
3000 g 离心 1 分钟,用于去除气泡和沉淀。
准备:Take out the ladder in the meantime; wear gloves.
同时准备蛋白 ladder,并全程戴手套。
装置:Place gel in tank and carefully remove comb vertically.
将凝胶放入电泳槽,垂直向上小心拔出梳子。
注液:Fill the tank with running buffer (50 mL stock + 450 mL water) to the line.
加入电泳液(50 mL stock + 450 mL 水)至刻度线。
洗孔:Flush wells with running buffer using a syringe to remove gel residue.
用注射器吸取电泳液冲洗加样孔,去除残留凝胶。
加标准品:Add 6 µL Rainbow Ladder.
加入 6 µL Rainbow Ladder。
上样:Load 25 µL sample into each well.
每孔加入 25 µL 样品。
电泳:Run at constant 250 V for about 30 min.
恒压 250 V,运行约 30 分钟。
5. Western Blot
5.1 转膜(Bio-Rad Turbo Blot Semi-dry)
Use pre-assembled transfer packs: Bottom stack → membrane (nitrocellulose) → gel → top stack.
使用预装转膜包时:底部叠层 → NC 膜 → 凝胶 → 顶部叠层。
Roll out air bubbles, close lid, and insert into the turbo blot system.
滚出气泡并盖上盖子,插入转膜系统。
If using a dry membrane, soak in transfer buffer for 1 min before assembly.
若使用干膜,组装前先在转膜液中浸泡 1 分钟。
Run the standard programme for 30 min.
运行标准程序 30 分钟。
5.2 封闭(Blocking)
Block in ~20 mL blocking buffer (3% BSA in TBST) for 1 h at room temperature on a rocker.
加入约 20 mL 封闭液(3% BSA in TBST),室温摇床封闭 1 小时。
Important: do not rinse with water.
注意:不要用水冲洗。
5.3 一抗(Primary Antibody)
Discard blocking buffer and replace with antibody solution.
倒掉封闭液,换入一抗孵育液。
Dilute primary antibody: 4 µL antibody in 20 mL blocking buffer.
一抗稀释:4 µL 抗体加入 20 mL 封闭液。
Recommended dilution for HIS antibody: 1:5000.
HIS 抗体推荐稀释比例:1:5000。
Incubate overnight at 4°C on rocker.
4°C 摇床过夜孵育。
5.4 洗涤与二抗
Wash 1: remove and keep primary antibody (it can be frozen and reused), then wash membrane 5×5 min with TBST.
洗涤 1:移除并保存一抗(可冷冻重复使用),然后用 TBST 洗膜 5 次,每次 5 分钟。
Secondary antibody: dilute rabbit secondary antibody in blocking buffer.
二抗:在封闭液中稀释兔源二抗。
Recommended dilution: 1:50000 → 0.4 µL in 20 mL blocking buffer.
推荐稀释比例:1:50000,即 20 mL 封闭液中加入 0.4 µL。
Incubate for 2 h at room temperature on rocker, then wash membrane 5×5 min.
室温摇床孵育 2 小时,然后再洗膜 5 次,每次 5 分钟。
5.5 成像(Visualize)
For HRP-conjugated secondary antibody, follow the ECL reagent instructions (mix 1:1, apply to membrane, then image).
若使用 HRP 偶联二抗,按 ECL 试剂说明操作:1:1 混合后滴加到膜上并进行成像。